[Kelvin]

***FIELD ARCHITECTURE: WELL TESTING***

For satellite wells with individual flowlines tied back to the production platform, it is often simply a matter of connecting the well flowlines to the well test manifold. A well test heater may be needed ahead of the separator that otherwise might not be necessary in the case of dry tree production.

[Kelvin]

***FIELD ARCHITECTURE: INTRAFIELD FLOWLINES: MAJOR FLOWLINE ROUTING CONSIDERATIONS : DIFFERENCE IN PIGGING REQUIREMENTS***

The platform might be best located nearer the wells requiring frequent pigging versus those that do not.

[Kelvin]

***FIELD ARCHITECTURE: INTRAFIELD FLOWLINES: MAJOR FLOWLINE ROUTING CONSIDERATIONS : DIFFERENCE IN RESERVOIR & WELL PERFORMANCE***

Some wells are capable of flowing greater distances than others due to their higher pressure or lower pressure drop (such as a high gas-oil ratio well versus a low gas-oil ratio well). This might affect where the production facilities are located or how the flowlines are routed.

[Kelvin]

Engineering of SURF – Functional Requirements

API Specification 17J formally specification for Unbounded Flexible Pipe is now adopted as ISO-13628-2

[Kelvin]

Great Lucas!

[Kelvin]

Tree Connector
Tree connectors are mechanism at the base of the tree that connects the tree to the wellhead by means of a hydraulic or mechanical actuator.

[Kelvin]

Sources of Fire

I. Hydrocarbon Direct Fire (i.e. Fuel, Ignition and Oxygen).
II. Blast Initiated Fire.
III.Collission Initiated Fire.
IV. Dropped Object Initiated Fire.
V. Select materials such that the ultimate tensile strenght is higher than the yield strenght to avoid rupture.

[Kelvin]

Offshore Structures Tubular Connections Fatigue Life Extension Engineering Design

Fatigue life of offshore structures can be improved by any one of the following methods i.e. Profile Grinding the Weld, Weld Toe Grinding,
Hammer Peening of the Weld Toe, Smoothening Weld Caps in Butt Welds, Post Weld Heat Treatment or Adding Internal Rings.

Note
Internal Ring Stiffners are commonly used method in addition to the profile grinding of the weld although it takes considerable time and cost. Similarly fatigue life improvement by post weld heat treatment is expensive as each fabrication joints needs to be heated in a controlled environment and cooled.

[Kelvin]

Offshore Structures Tubular Connections Engineering Design

Fatigue calculations involves several assumptions and to account for uncertainty of parameters in the calculation, suitable factor of safety (SF) shall be included as follows based on Failure Criticality, Inspectable and Not Inspectable.

Failure Critical: No Inspectable: 2 (SF) Not Inspectable: 5 (SF)
Failure Critical: Yes Inspectable: 5 (SF) Not Inspectable: 10 (SF)

Note:
Primary structure joint failure of which makes the structure unstable is termed Failure Critical.
Joints within the reach of divers / ROV inspection based on specified depth is termed Inspectable
Joints that can not be inspected due to reach or to obstruction such as overlapped portion of the joint is termed Not Inspectable.

[Kelvin]

Subsea dual bore trees have a production and annulus bore passing vertically through the tree body with production and annulus master valves and swab valves oriented vertically in the main block of the tree.

They are designed to allow vertical access to the main production bore and to the annulus bore during installation and workover operations.  When a dual bore subsea Christmas tree is connected to a subsea wellhead it must interface with the tubing hanger previously installed in the wellhead.

Example of a Compact Dual Bore Tree is shown below (Courtesy of OneSubsea)

 

 

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