Failure modes such as general Collapse of the Chord, Local Failure of the Chord, Unzipping or Progress Weld Failure, Material Problems etc; might occur in a tubular connections subjected to axial and bending loads. Failure of a tubular connection may happen due to any one of the failure modes or combination of them. Failure due to material and weld defects can be minimized by suitable material selection and quality control while failure by general deformation can be avoided by appropriate configuration of the geometry of the connection.
Relevant design codes includes API RP 2A WSD, API RP 2A LRFD, AWSD1.1 Structural Welding Code & ISO 19902